PARKINSON’S DISEASE – Here are the important things that you need to know about this neurological disorder including its causes, symptoms and treatment.
Parkinson’s disease is a brain disorder that affects a person’s ability to move normally. This progressive neurological disorder is characterized by the gradual loss of motor control, leading to a range of symptoms that can affect daily life.
The illness is a progressive condition, which means the symptoms become worse over time. The exact cause of this condition is not known, but it involves the degeneration of neurons in a specific area of the brain called the substantia nigra.
These neurons produce dopamine, a neurotransmitter important for regulating movement. As these neurons die, dopamine levels decrease. As more dopamine-producing brain cells are lost, it becomes harder for the person to control and coordinate their muscle movements.
POSSIBLE CAUSES
- Genetic Factors – Certain genetic mutations are linked to Parkinson’s, though they account for a small percentage of cases.
- Environmental Factors – Exposure to certain toxins or environmental factors may increase the risk.
- Age – The risk of developing Parkinson’s increases with age, typically appearing in people over 60.
- Gender – Men are more likely to develop Parkinson’s than women.
SYMPTOMS
- Tremors or shaking, especially in the hands, arms, legs, and face
- Stiff muscles and rigid limbs, making movement difficult
- Slow movement and impaired balance/coordination
- Shuffling walk and dragging of feet
TREATMENT
As of this writing, there is no cure for this disease but treatments are available to manage symptoms.
- Medications – These can help manage symptoms by increasing dopamine levels or mimicking its action. Common medications include Levodopa, dopamine agonists, and MAO-B inhibitors.
- Surgery – Deep brain stimulation (DBS) may be considered in advanced cases where medications are not effective.
- Lifestyle Changes – Regular exercise, a healthy diet, and physical therapy can help maintain mobility and overall well-being.
- Supportive Therapies – Occupational therapy, speech therapy, and counseling can aid in managing the disease.